Supports Nervous System Health*

HOW PATIENTS MAY BENEFIT

• Provides essential B Vitamins to support numerous metabolic pathways*
• Promotes energy metabolism in the body*
• Supplies women with the recommended folic acid dosage*

PRODUCT DISCUSSION
The B Vitamin complex is made up of several water-soluble vitamins that play unique roles in maintaining proper metabolic functioning.* B Vitamins work well together to support heart health and nervous system health, and provide nourishment for the stress of daily living.* PhysioLogics B-100 Complex offers a daily intake of the essential B Vitamins to support energy metabolism and skin health.*

STRUCTURE AND FUNCTION
Thiamine (B-1) functions as the coenzyme thiamin pyrophosphate, assisting in the metabolism of carbohydrates and branched-chain amino acids, as well as in production of the neurotransmitter acetylcholine.*

Riboflavin (B-2) assists in oxidation/reduction reactions, including those involved in energy pathways and the metabolism of carbohydrates, fats and proteins.* It also helps maintain the skin and mucous membranes, the cornea of the eye, and nerve sheaths.*

Niacin (B-3), also known as nicotinic acid and nicotinamide, serves as a coenzyme in oxidation/reduction reactions as nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide (NAD) and its phosphate form (NADP). NAD functions in intracellular respiration and oxidation of glyceraldehydes, lactate, alcohol, and other fuel molecules. NADP is required in reductive biosyntheses, such as fatty acid and steroid synthesis. Niacin is needed for the metabolism of food, maintenance of healthy skin and nerve cells, DNA replication and repair, and cell differentiation.*

The major coenzyme forms of Pyridoxine (B-6) are pyridoxal 5’-phosphate (PLP) and pyridoxamine (PMP), which function in the catabolism of carbohydrates and proteins. PLP serves as a coenzyme in more than 100 reactions in amino acid metabolism, including aminotransferases, decarboxylases, and dehydratases. Vitamin B-6 is also used in the production of red blood cells, and is involved in the single-carbon cycle, which produces methyl groups used in the synthesis of other compounds. By this mechanism, Vitamin B-6 promotes healthy homocysteine levels.*

Folic Acid, also known as folate, functions as a coenzyme essential to virtually all biochemical reactions that use single-carbon transfers, including purine and pyrimidine biosynthesis, generation of formate, and amino acid interconversions, including homocysteine to methionine. Folic acid participates in the breakdown of proteins and the formation of hemoglobin, a compound in red blood cells that transports oxygen and carbon dioxide. Healthful diets with adequate folate may reduce a woman’s risk of having a child with a brain or spinal cord birth defect.

Vitamin B-12 (Cobalamin) is a coenzyme in the single-carbon cycle, and, with Vitamin B-6 and Folate, converts homocysteine to methionine. Vitamin B-12 is also required for maintenance of nerve sheaths, normal blood formation, and DNA synthesis and repair.*

Pantothenic acid is used for the synthesis of coenzyme A and thus is involved in many metabolic pathways, including energy metabolism.* Biotin functions as a coenzyme in carboxylation reactions, which are also useful in many functions of the body. Choline is a precursor for the neurotransmitter acetylcholine.

CLINICAL EVIDENCE

• In a double-blind placebo-controlled trial, 205 subjects were randomized to receive either a combination of folic acid, vitamin B12, and vitamin B6, or placebo, for 6 months. At the end of the study, a significant benefit to cardiovascular function was observed in the treatment group compared to placebo. Plasma homocysteine levels were also significantly reduced in the treated group compared to placebo. (Schnyder et al, 2001)
• A study followed 370 elderly people for three years and monitored their cognitive function, along with serum levels of Vitamin B-12 and Folate. A comparable pattern was found between higher levels of these vitamins and maintenance of cognitive function. (Wang et al, 2001)
• A review in the Journal of the American Medical Association stated that most people do not consume optimal amounts of vitamins by diet alone. In fact, suboptimal intake of some vitamins, even above levels classified as deficiency, may be unhealthy and is common in the general population. The reviewers concluded that it is wise for all adults to take vitamin supplements. (Fairfield and Fletcher, 2002)

SUMMARY
The B Vitamins work individually and synergistically in a wide array of biological functions to maintain good health and vitality.* The body needs a daily source of the B Vitamins because B Vitamins are water-soluble. PhysioLogics’ B-100 Complex provides a convenient way to obtain all essential B Vitamins in one easy-to-swallow capsule.*

SUGGESTED DOSAGE
For adults, take one (1) capsule daily, preferably with a meal, or follow the advice of a health care professional.

REFERENCES
Aisen PS, Egelko S, Andrews H, et al. A pilot study of vitamins to lower plasma homocysteine levels in Alzheimer disease. Am J Geriatr Psychiatry. 2003;11:246-9.

Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. Recommendations for the use of folic acid to reduce the number of cases of spina bifida and other neural tube defects. MMWR 1992. 41 (No. RR-14).

Fairfield KM, Fletcher RH. Vitamins for chronic disease prevention in adults: scientific review. JAMA. 2002;287:3116-26.

Institute of Medicine. Dietary Reference Intakes: Thiamin, Riboflavin, Niacin, Vitamin B6, Folate, Vitamin B12, Pantothenic Acid, Biotin, and Choline. Washington, DC: National Academy Press, 1998.

Manore MM. Effect of physical activity on thiamine, riboflavin, and vitamin B-6 requirements. Am J Clin Nutr. 2000;72(2 Suppl):598S-606S.

Nilsson K, Warkentin S, Hultberg B, et al. Treatment of cobalamin deficiency in dementia, evaluated clinically and with cerebral blood flow measurements. Aging (Milano). 2000;12:199-207.

Schnyder G, Roffi M, Pin R, et al. Decreased rate of coronary restenosis after lowering of plasma homocysteine levels. N Engl J Med. 2001;345:1593-1600.

Stampfer MJ, Malinow MR, Willett WC, et al. A prospective study of plasma homocyst(e)ine and risk of myocardial infarction in US physicians. JAMA. 1992;268:877-81.

Wang HX, Wahlin A, Basun H, et al. Vitamin B(12) and folate in relation to the development of Alzheimer’s disease. Neurology. 2001;56:1188-94.

= Vegetarian Formula